Scrapy-redis 源码分析

官方站点:https://github.com/rolando/scrapy-redis

scrapy-redis的官方文档写的比较简洁,没有提及其运行原理,所以如果想全面的理解分布式爬虫的运行原理,还是得看scrapy-redis的源代码才行。

scrapy-redis工程的主体还是是redis和scrapy两个库,工程本身实现的东西不是很多,这个工程就像胶水一样,把这两个插件粘结了起来。下面我们来看看,scrapy-redis的每一个源代码文件都实现了什么功能,最后如何实现分布式的爬虫系统:

1. connection.py

负责根据setting中配置实例化redis连接。被dupefilter和scheduler调用,总之涉及到redis存取的都要使用到这个模块。

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 这里引入了redis模块,这个是redis-python库的接口,用于通过python访问redis数据库,
# 这个文件主要是实现连接redis数据库的功能,这些连接接口在其他文件中经常被用到

import redis
import six

from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object

DEFAULT_REDIS_CLS = redis.StrictRedis

# 可以在settings文件中配置套接字的超时时间、等待时间等
# Sane connection defaults.
DEFAULT_PARAMS = {
'socket_timeout': 30,
'socket_connect_timeout': 30,
'retry_on_timeout': True,
}

# 要想连接到redis数据库,和其他数据库差不多,需要一个ip地址、端口号、用户名密码(可选)和一个整形的数据库编号
# Shortcut maps 'setting name' -> 'parmater name'.
SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP = {
'REDIS_URL': 'url',
'REDIS_HOST': 'host',
'REDIS_PORT': 'port',
}


def get_redis_from_settings(settings):
"""Returns a redis client instance from given Scrapy settings object.
This function uses ``get_client`` to instantiate the client and uses
``DEFAULT_PARAMS`` global as defaults values for the parameters. You can
override them using the ``REDIS_PARAMS`` setting.
Parameters
----------
settings : Settings
A scrapy settings object. See the supported settings below.
Returns
-------
server
Redis client instance.
Other Parameters
----------------
REDIS_URL : str, optional
Server connection URL.
REDIS_HOST : str, optional
Server host.
REDIS_PORT : str, optional
Server port.
REDIS_PARAMS : dict, optional
Additional client parameters.
"""
params = DEFAULT_PARAMS.copy()
params.update(settings.getdict('REDIS_PARAMS'))
# XXX: Deprecate REDIS_* settings.
for source, dest in SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP.items():
val = settings.get(source)
if val:
params[dest] = val

# Allow ``redis_cls`` to be a path to a class.
if isinstance(params.get('redis_cls'), six.string_types):
params['redis_cls'] = load_object(params['redis_cls'])

# 返回的是redis库的Redis对象,可以直接用来进行数据操作的对象
return get_redis(**params)


# Backwards compatible alias.
from_settings = get_redis_from_settings


def get_redis(**kwargs):
"""Returns a redis client instance.
Parameters
----------
redis_cls : class, optional
Defaults to ``redis.StrictRedis``.
url : str, optional
If given, ``redis_cls.from_url`` is used to instantiate the class.
**kwargs
Extra parameters to be passed to the ``redis_cls`` class.
Returns
-------
server
Redis client instance.
"""
redis_cls = kwargs.pop('redis_cls', DEFAULT_REDIS_CLS)
url = kwargs.pop('url', None)


if url:
return redis_cls.from_url(url, **kwargs)
else:
return redis_cls(**kwargs)

2. dupefilter.py

负责执行requst的去重,实现的很有技巧性,使用redis的set数据结构。但是注意scheduler并不使用其中用于在这个模块中实现的dupefilter键做request的调度,而是使用queue.py模块中实现的queue。

当request不重复时,将其存入到queue中,调度时将其弹出。

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import logging
import time

from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint

from .connection import get_redis_from_settings


DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY = "dupefilter:%(timestamp)s"

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


# TODO: Rename class to RedisDupeFilter.
class RFPDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter):
"""Redis-based request duplicates filter.
This class can also be used with default Scrapy's scheduler.
"""

logger = logger

def __init__(self, server, key, debug=False):
"""Initialize the duplicates filter.
Parameters
----------
server : redis.StrictRedis
The redis server instance.
key : str
Redis key Where to store fingerprints.
debug : bool, optional
Whether to log filtered requests.
"""
self.server = server
self.key = key
self.debug = debug
self.logdupes = True

@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
"""Returns an instance from given settings.
This uses by default the key ``dupefilter:<timestamp>``. When using the
``scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler`` class, this method is not used as
it needs to pass the spider name in the key.
Parameters
----------
settings : scrapy.settings.Settings
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
A RFPDupeFilter instance.
"""
server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)
# XXX: This creates one-time key. needed to support to use this
# class as standalone dupefilter with scrapy's default scheduler
# if scrapy passes spider on open() method this wouldn't be needed
# TODO: Use SCRAPY_JOB env as default and fallback to timestamp.
key = DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())}
debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')
return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)

@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
"""Returns instance from crawler.
Parameters
----------
crawler : scrapy.crawler.Crawler
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
Instance of RFPDupeFilter.
"""
return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)

def request_seen(self, request):
"""Returns True if request was already seen.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
bool
"""
fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
# This returns the number of values added, zero if already exists.
added = self.server.sadd(self.key, fp)
return added == 0

def request_fingerprint(self, request):
"""Returns a fingerprint for a given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
str
"""
return request_fingerprint(request)

def close(self, reason=''):
"""Delete data on close. Called by Scrapy's scheduler.
Parameters
----------
reason : str, optional
"""
self.clear()

def clear(self):
"""Clears fingerprints data."""
self.server.delete(self.key)

def log(self, request, spider):
"""Logs given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
spider : scrapy.spiders.Spider
"""
if self.debug:
msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
elif self.logdupes:
msg = ("Filtered duplicate request %(request)s"
" - no more duplicates will be shown"
" (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)")
msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
self.logdupes = False

这个文件看起来比较复杂,重写了scrapy本身已经实现的request判重功能。因为本身scrapy单机跑的话,只需要读取内存中的request队列或者持久化的request队列(scrapy默认的持久化似乎是json格式的文件,不是数据库)就能判断这次要发出的request url是否已经请求过或者正在调度(本地读就行了)。而分布式跑的话,就需要各个主机上的scheduler都连接同一个数据库的同一个request池来判断这次的请求是否是重复的了。

在这个文件中,通过继承BaseDupeFilter重写他的方法,实现了基于redis的判重。根据源代码来看,scrapy-redis使用了scrapy本身的一个fingerprint接request_fingerprint,这个接口很有趣,根据scrapy文档所说,他通过hash来判断两个url是否相同(相同的url会生成相同的hash结果),但是当两个url的地址相同,get型参数相同但是顺序不同时,也会生成相同的hash结果(这个真的比较神奇。。。)所以scrapy-redis依旧使用url的fingerprint来判断request请求是否已经出现过。

这个类通过连接redis,使用一个key来向redis的一个set中插入fingerprint(这个key对于同一种spider是相同的,redis是一个key-value的数据库,如果key是相同的,访问到的值就是相同的,这里使用spider名字+DupeFilter的key就是为了在不同主机上的不同爬虫实例,只要属于同一种spider,就会访问到同一个set,而这个set就是他们的url判重池),如果返回值为0,说明该set中该fingerprint已经存在(因为集合是没有重复值的),则返回False,如果返回值为1,说明添加了一个fingerprint到set中,则说明这个request没有重复,于是返回True,还顺便把新fingerprint加入到数据库中了。 DupeFilter判重会在scheduler类中用到,每一个request在进入调度之前都要进行判重,如果重复就不需要参加调度,直接舍弃就好了,不然就是白白浪费资源。

3. picklecompat.py

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"""A pickle wrapper module with protocol=-1 by default."""

try:
import cPickle as pickle # PY2
except ImportError:
import pickle


def loads(s):
return pickle.loads(s)


def dumps(obj):
return pickle.dumps(obj, protocol=-1)

这里实现了loads和dumps两个函数,其实就是实现了一个序列化器。

因为redis数据库不能存储复杂对象(key部分只能是字符串,value部分只能是字符串,字符串列表,字符串集合和hash),所以我们存啥都要先串行化成文本才行。

这里使用的就是python的pickle模块,一个兼容py2和py3的串行化工具。这个serializer主要用于一会的scheduler存reuqest对象。

4.pipelines.py

这是是用来实现分布式处理的作用。它将Item存储在redis中以实现分布式处理。由于在这里需要读取配置,所以就用到了from_crawler()函数。

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from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.utils.serialize import ScrapyJSONEncoder
from twisted.internet.threads import deferToThread

from . import connection


default_serialize = ScrapyJSONEncoder().encode


class RedisPipeline(object):
"""Pushes serialized item into a redis list/queue"""

def __init__(self, server,
key='%(spider)s:items',
serialize_func=default_serialize):
self.server = server
self.key = key
self.serialize = serialize_func

@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
params = {
'server': connection.from_settings(settings),
}
if settings.get('REDIS_ITEMS_KEY'):
params['key'] = settings['REDIS_ITEMS_KEY']
if settings.get('REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER'):
params['serialize_func'] = load_object(
settings['REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER']
)

return cls(**params)

@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)

def process_item(self, item, spider):
return deferToThread(self._process_item, item, spider)

def _process_item(self, item, spider):
key = self.item_key(item, spider)
data = self.serialize(item)
self.server.rpush(key, data)
return item

def item_key(self, item, spider):
"""Returns redis key based on given spider.
Override this function to use a different key depending on the item
and/or spider.
"""
return self.key % {'spider': spider.name}

pipelines文件实现了一个item pipieline类,和scrapy的item pipeline是同一个对象,通过从settings中拿到我们配置的REDIS_ITEMS_KEY作为key,把item串行化之后存入redis数据库对应的value中(这个value可以看出出是个list,我们的每个item是这个list中的一个结点),这个pipeline把提取出的item存起来,主要是为了方便我们延后处理数据。

5.queue.py

该文件实现了几个容器类,可以看这些容器和redis交互频繁,同时使用了我们上边picklecompat中定义的序列化器。这个文件实现的几个容器大体相同,只不过一个是队列,一个是栈,一个是优先级队列,这三个容器到时候会被scheduler对象实例化,来实现request的调度。比如我们使用SpiderQueue最为调度队列的类型,到时候request的调度方法就是先进先出,而实用SpiderStack就是先进后出了。

从SpiderQueue的实现看出来,他的push函数就和其他容器的一样,只不过push进去的request请求先被scrapy的接口request_to_dict变成了一个dict对象(因为request对象实在是比较复杂,有方法有属性不好串行化),之后使用picklecompat中的serializer串行化为字符串,然后使用一个特定的key存入redis中(该key在同一种spider中是相同的)。而调用pop时,其实就是从redis用那个特定的key去读其值(一个list),从list中读取最早进去的那个,于是就先进先出了。 这些容器类都会作为scheduler调度request的容器,scheduler在每个主机上都会实例化一个,并且和spider一一对应,所以分布式运行时会有一个spider的多个实例和一个scheduler的多个实例存在于不同的主机上,但是,因为scheduler都是用相同的容器,而这些容器都连接同一个redis服务器,又都使用spider名加queue来作为key读写数据,所以不同主机上的不同爬虫实例公用一个request调度池,实现了分布式爬虫之间的统一调度。

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from scrapy.utils.reqser import request_to_dict, request_from_dict

from . import picklecompat


class Base(object):
"""Per-spider queue/stack base class"""

def __init__(self, server, spider, key, serializer=None):
"""Initialize per-spider redis queue.
Parameters:
server -- redis connection
spider -- spider instance
key -- key for this queue (e.g. "%(spider)s:queue")
"""
if serializer is None:
# Backward compatibility.
# TODO: deprecate pickle.
serializer = picklecompat
if not hasattr(serializer, 'loads'):
raise TypeError("serializer does not implement 'loads' function: %r"
% serializer)
if not hasattr(serializer, 'dumps'):
raise TypeError("serializer '%s' does not implement 'dumps' function: %r"
% serializer)

self.server = server
self.spider = spider
self.key = key % {'spider': spider.name}
self.serializer = serializer

def _encode_request(self, request):
"""Encode a request object"""
obj = request_to_dict(request, self.spider)
return self.serializer.dumps(obj)

def _decode_request(self, encoded_request):
"""Decode an request previously encoded"""
obj = self.serializer.loads(encoded_request)
return request_from_dict(obj, self.spider)

def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
raise NotImplementedError

def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
raise NotImplementedError

def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
raise NotImplementedError

def clear(self):
"""Clear queue/stack"""
self.server.delete(self.key)


class SpiderQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider FIFO queue"""

def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)

def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))

def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.brpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.rpop(self.key)
if data:
return self._decode_request(data)


class SpiderPriorityQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider priority queue abstraction using redis' sorted set"""

def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.zcard(self.key)

def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
data = self._encode_request(request)
score = -request.priority
# We don't use zadd method as the order of arguments change depending on
# whether the class is Redis or StrictRedis, and the option of using
# kwargs only accepts strings, not bytes.
self.server.execute_command('ZADD', self.key, score, data)

def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""
Pop a request
timeout not support in this queue class
"""
# use atomic range/remove using multi/exec
pipe = self.server.pipeline()
pipe.multi()
pipe.zrange(self.key, 0, 0).zremrangebyrank(self.key, 0, 0)
results, count = pipe.execute()
if results:
return self._decode_request(results[0])


class SpiderStack(Base):
"""Per-spider stack"""

def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the stack"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)

def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))

def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.blpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.lpop(self.key)

if data:
return self._decode_request(data)


__all__ = ['SpiderQueue', 'SpiderPriorityQueue', 'SpiderStack']

6. scheduler.py

此扩展是对scrapy中自带的scheduler的替代(在settings的SCHEDULER变量中指出),正是利用此扩展实现crawler的分布式调度。其利用的数据结构来自于queue中实现的数据结构。

scrapy-redis所实现的两种分布式:爬虫分布式以及item处理分布式就是由模块scheduler和模块pipelines实现。上述其它模块作为为二者辅助的功能模块

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import importlib
import six

from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object

from . import connection


# TODO: add SCRAPY_JOB support.
class Scheduler(object):
"""Redis-based scheduler"""

def __init__(self, server,
persist=False,
flush_on_start=False,
queue_key='%(spider)s:requests',
queue_cls='scrapy_redis.queue.SpiderPriorityQueue',
dupefilter_key='%(spider)s:dupefilter',
dupefilter_cls='scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter',
idle_before_close=0,
serializer=None):
"""Initialize scheduler.
Parameters
----------
server : Redis
The redis server instance.
persist : bool
Whether to flush requests when closing. Default is False.
flush_on_start : bool
Whether to flush requests on start. Default is False.
queue_key : str
Requests queue key.
queue_cls : str
Importable path to the queue class.
dupefilter_key : str
Duplicates filter key.
dupefilter_cls : str
Importable path to the dupefilter class.
idle_before_close : int
Timeout before giving up.
"""
if idle_before_close < 0:
raise TypeError("idle_before_close cannot be negative")

self.server = server
self.persist = persist
self.flush_on_start = flush_on_start
self.queue_key = queue_key
self.queue_cls = queue_cls
self.dupefilter_cls = dupefilter_cls
self.dupefilter_key = dupefilter_key
self.idle_before_close = idle_before_close
self.serializer = serializer
self.stats = None

def __len__(self):
return len(self.queue)

@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
kwargs = {
'persist': settings.getbool('SCHEDULER_PERSIST'),
'flush_on_start': settings.getbool('SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START'),
'idle_before_close': settings.getint('SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE'),
}

# If these values are missing, it means we want to use the defaults.
optional = {
# TODO: Use custom prefixes for this settings to note that are
# specific to scrapy-redis.
'queue_key': 'SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY',
'queue_cls': 'SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS',
'dupefilter_key': 'SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY',
# We use the default setting name to keep compatibility.
'dupefilter_cls': 'DUPEFILTER_CLASS',
'serializer': 'SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER',
}
for name, setting_name in optional.items():
val = settings.get(setting_name)
if val:
kwargs[name] = val

# Support serializer as a path to a module.
if isinstance(kwargs.get('serializer'), six.string_types):
kwargs['serializer'] = importlib.import_module(kwargs['serializer'])

server = connection.from_settings(settings)
# Ensure the connection is working.
server.ping()

return cls(server=server, **kwargs)

@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
instance = cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# FIXME: for now, stats are only supported from this constructor
instance.stats = crawler.stats
return instance

def open(self, spider):
self.spider = spider

try:
self.queue = load_object(self.queue_cls)(
server=self.server,
spider=spider,
key=self.queue_key % {'spider': spider.name},
serializer=self.serializer,
)
except TypeError as e:
raise ValueError("Failed to instantiate queue class '%s': %s",
self.queue_cls, e)

try:
self.df = load_object(self.dupefilter_cls)(
server=self.server,
key=self.dupefilter_key % {'spider': spider.name},
debug=spider.settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG'),
)
except TypeError as e:
raise ValueError("Failed to instantiate dupefilter class '%s': %s",
self.dupefilter_cls, e)

if self.flush_on_start:
self.flush()
# notice if there are requests already in the queue to resume the crawl
if len(self.queue):
spider.log("Resuming crawl (%d requests scheduled)" % len(self.queue))

def close(self, reason):
if not self.persist:
self.flush()

def flush(self):
self.df.clear()
self.queue.clear()

def enqueue_request(self, request):
if not request.dont_filter and self.df.request_seen(request):
self.df.log(request, self.spider)
return False
if self.stats:
self.stats.inc_value('scheduler/enqueued/redis', spider=self.spider)
self.queue.push(request)
return True

def next_request(self):
block_pop_timeout = self.idle_before_close
request = self.queue.pop(block_pop_timeout)
if request and self.stats:
self.stats.inc_value('scheduler/dequeued/redis', spider=self.spider)
return request

def has_pending_requests(self):
return len(self) > 0

这个文件重写了scheduler类,用来代替scrapy.core.scheduler的原有调度器。其实对原有调度器的逻辑没有很大的改变,主要是使用了redis作为数据存储的媒介,以达到各个爬虫之间的统一调度。 scheduler负责调度各个spider的request请求,scheduler初始化时,通过settings文件读取queue和dupefilters的类型(一般就用上边默认的),配置queue和dupefilters使用的key(一般就是spider name加上queue或者dupefilters,这样对于同一种spider的不同实例,就会使用相同的数据块了)。每当一个request要被调度时,enqueue_request被调用,scheduler使用dupefilters来判断这个url是否重复,如果不重复,就添加到queue的容器中(先进先出,先进后出和优先级都可以,可以在settings中配置)。当调度完成时,next_request被调用,scheduler就通过queue容器的接口,取出一个request,把他发送给相应的spider,让spider进行爬取工作。

7.spider.py

设计的这个spider从redis中读取要爬的url,然后执行爬取,若爬取过程中返回更多的url,那么继续进行直至所有的request完成。之后继续从redis中读取url,循环这个过程。

分析:在这个spider中通过connect signals.spider_idle信号实现对crawler状态的监视。当idle时,返回新的make_requests_from_url(url)给引擎,进而交给调度器调度。

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from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import DontCloseSpider
from scrapy.spiders import Spider, CrawlSpider

from . import connection


# Default batch size matches default concurrent requests setting.
DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE = 16
DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY = '%(name)s:start_urls'


class RedisMixin(object):
"""Mixin class to implement reading urls from a redis queue."""
# Per spider redis key, default to DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY.
redis_key = None
# Fetch this amount of start urls when idle. Default to DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE.
redis_batch_size = None
# Redis client instance.
server = None

def start_requests(self):
"""Returns a batch of start requests from redis."""
return self.next_requests()

def setup_redis(self, crawler=None):
"""Setup redis connection and idle signal.
This should be called after the spider has set its crawler object.
"""
if self.server is not None:
return

if crawler is None:
# We allow optional crawler argument to keep backwards
# compatibility.
# XXX: Raise a deprecation warning.
crawler = getattr(self, 'crawler', None)

if crawler is None:
raise ValueError("crawler is required")

settings = crawler.settings

if self.redis_key is None:
self.redis_key = settings.get(
'REDIS_START_URLS_KEY', DEFAULT_START_URLS_KEY,
)

self.redis_key = self.redis_key % {'name': self.name}

if not self.redis_key.strip():
raise ValueError("redis_key must not be empty")

if self.redis_batch_size is None:
self.redis_batch_size = settings.getint(
'REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE', DEFAULT_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE,
)

try:
self.redis_batch_size = int(self.redis_batch_size)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError("redis_batch_size must be an integer")

self.logger.info("Reading start URLs from redis key '%(redis_key)s' "
"(batch size: %(redis_batch_size)s)", self.__dict__)

self.server = connection.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# The idle signal is called when the spider has no requests left,
# that's when we will schedule new requests from redis queue
crawler.signals.connect(self.spider_idle, signal=signals.spider_idle)

def next_requests(self):
"""Returns a request to be scheduled or none."""
use_set = self.settings.getbool('REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET')
fetch_one = self.server.spop if use_set else self.server.lpop
# XXX: Do we need to use a timeout here?
found = 0
while found < self.redis_batch_size:
data = fetch_one(self.redis_key)
if not data:
# Queue empty.
break
req = self.make_request_from_data(data)
if req:
yield req
found += 1
else:
self.logger.debug("Request not made from data: %r", data)

if found:
self.logger.debug("Read %s requests from '%s'", found, self.redis_key)

def make_request_from_data(self, data):
# By default, data is an URL.
if '://' in data:
return self.make_requests_from_url(data)
else:
self.logger.error("Unexpected URL from '%s': %r", self.redis_key, data)

def schedule_next_requests(self):
"""Schedules a request if available"""
for req in self.next_requests():
self.crawler.engine.crawl(req, spider=self)

def spider_idle(self):
"""Schedules a request if available, otherwise waits."""
# XXX: Handle a sentinel to close the spider.
self.schedule_next_requests()
raise DontCloseSpider


class RedisSpider(RedisMixin, Spider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""

@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj


class RedisCrawlSpider(RedisMixin, CrawlSpider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle."""

@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisCrawlSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj

spider的改动也不是很大,主要是通过connect接口,给spider绑定了spider_idle信号,spider初始化时,通过setup_redis函数初始化好和redis的连接,之后通过next_requests函数从redis中取出strat url,使用的key是settings中REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET定义的(注意了这里的初始化url池和我们上边的queue的url池不是一个东西,queue的池是用于调度的,初始化url池是存放入口url的,他们都存在redis中,但是使用不同的key来区分,就当成是不同的表吧),spider使用少量的start url,可以发展出很多新的url,这些url会进入scheduler进行判重和调度。直到spider跑到调度池内没有url的时候,会触发spider_idle信号,从而触发spider的next_requests函数,再次从redis的start url池中读取一些url。

总结

最后总结一下scrapy-redis的总体思路:这个工程通过重写scheduler和spider类,实现了调度、spider启动和redis的交互。实现新的dupefilter和queue类,达到了判重和调度容器和redis的交互,因为每个主机上的爬虫进程都访问同一个redis数据库,所以调度和判重都统一进行统一管理,达到了分布式爬虫的目的。 当spider被初始化时,同时会初始化一个对应的scheduler对象,这个调度器对象通过读取settings,配置好自己的调度容器queue和判重工具dupefilter。每当一个spider产出一个request的时候,scrapy内核会把这个reuqest递交给这个spider对应的scheduler对象进行调度,scheduler对象通过访问redis对request进行判重,如果不重复就把他添加进redis中的调度池。当调度条件满足时,scheduler对象就从redis的调度池中取出一个request发送给spider,让他爬取。当spider爬取的所有暂时可用url之后,scheduler发现这个spider对应的redis的调度池空了,于是触发信号spider_idle,spider收到这个信号之后,直接连接redis读取strart url池,拿去新的一批url入口,然后再次重复上边的工作。

最后更新: 2019年05月18日 20:51

原始链接: https://zem12345678.github.io/2019/05/18/Scrapy-redis 源码分析/

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